This Article Volume 4 Issue 2
First published December 2014, doi : 10.7187/GJAT712014.04.02
Publisher Kolej Universiti Islam Sultan Azlan Shah, Perak, Malaysia.
Pengaruh Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli (m. 1884) Terhadap Amalan Keagamaan
Masyarakat Melayu
The Influence of Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli (m. 1884) on the Religious Practices of the Malays
Wahyu Hidayat Abdullah, Muhammad Mustaqim Mohd Zarif, Sofian Sauri bin Hussien
Abstrak
Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli (m. 1884) merupakan salah seorang tokoh ulama Islam yang penting pada abad kesembilan belas. Walaupun berasal dari Turki, beliau telah menghabiskan kebanyakan usia dan kerjayanya sebagai seorang ilmuwan yang berdomisil di Mekah dan terkenal sebagai pakar dalam bidang ilmu hadis dan tasawuf. Selain aktif mengajar, beliau turut menghasilkan sejumlah karya keagamaan yang penting dalam bahasa Arab. Secara khasnya, adikarya beliau bertajuk Khazinah al-Asrar Jalilah al-Adhkar memainkan peranan yang penting terutama sekali dalam kalangan pelajarnya yang berasal dari Alam Melayu. Ia merupakan karya berasaskan hadis Nabi SAW mengenai kelebihan dan fadilat ayat-ayat al-Quran dan ibadat-ibadat lain. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak banyak yang diketahui mengenai tokoh ini dan karyanya. Justeru, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan mengenainya dengan lebih mendalam. Selain membincangkan aspek biografi dan hasil karya Muhammad Haqqi dari perspektif sejarah, kertas ini terfokus untuk menganalisis metodenya dalam penilaian dan penerimaan hadis berdasarkan karyanya Khazinah al-Asrar dan pengaruhnya terhadap sesetengah amalan keagamaan masyarakat Melayu. Dapatan kajian mengetengahkan sikapnya yang mengharmonikan pandangan ulama hadis dan tasawuf dalam aspek penerimaan hadis yang memberikan kesannya terhadap amalan keagamaan masyarakat Islam, terutamanya di Alam Melayu.
Katakunci: Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli; Hadis; Keagamaan; Amalan; Melayu
Abstract
Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli (d. 1884) was amongst the most important Muslim scholars in the nineteenth century. Despite his Turkish origin, he spent most of his life and career as a resident scholar in Mecca specializing in the fields of hadith and Sufism. Apart from teaching, he had also published a number of important religious works written in Arabic. His opus entitled Khazinah al-Asrar Jalilah al-Adhkar is of high importance and significance especially amongst his students from the Malay World. It is a work based on the Prophetic hadith concerning the benefits and virtues of the verses of the Quran as well as certain religious practices. However, not much is known or studied about him or his work. Therefore, this paper aims to shed some light on this matter. Apart from discussing his life and works from the historical perspective, main emphasis is given on analyzing his scheme of hadith appraisal from Khazinah al-Asrar and its influence on the Malays. The findings highlight his reconciliatory approach towards the hadith between the methods of the hadith scholars and that of the Sufis and its role in shaping the religious practices amongst the Muslims, particularly those from the Malay World.
Keywords: Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli; Hadith; Religion; Practice; Malays
Katakunci: Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli; Hadis; Keagamaan; Amalan; Melayu
Abstract
Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli (d. 1884) was amongst the most important Muslim scholars in the nineteenth century. Despite his Turkish origin, he spent most of his life and career as a resident scholar in Mecca specializing in the fields of hadith and Sufism. Apart from teaching, he had also published a number of important religious works written in Arabic. His opus entitled Khazinah al-Asrar Jalilah al-Adhkar is of high importance and significance especially amongst his students from the Malay World. It is a work based on the Prophetic hadith concerning the benefits and virtues of the verses of the Quran as well as certain religious practices. However, not much is known or studied about him or his work. Therefore, this paper aims to shed some light on this matter. Apart from discussing his life and works from the historical perspective, main emphasis is given on analyzing his scheme of hadith appraisal from Khazinah al-Asrar and its influence on the Malays. The findings highlight his reconciliatory approach towards the hadith between the methods of the hadith scholars and that of the Sufis and its role in shaping the religious practices amongst the Muslims, particularly those from the Malay World.
Keywords: Muhammad Haqqi al-Nazilli; Hadith; Religion; Practice; Malays
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Al-Attas, S. M. N. (2011). Islam dalam Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Melayu. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
Al-Babani, I. M. A. (1992). Idah al-Maknun fi al-Dhayl ‘ala Kashf al-Zunun. Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, Beirut.
Al-Baghdadi, I. B. (1955). Hadiyyah al-‘Arifin Asma’ al-Mu’allifin wa Athar al-Musannifin. Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, Beirut.
Al-Khayr Abadi, M. A. (2011). ‘Ulum al-Hadith Asiluha wa Mu‘asiruha. Darul Syakir, Bangi.
Al-Mu‘allimi, A. A. R. (2000). A‘lam al-Makkiyyin min al-Qarn al-Tasi‘ ila al-Qarn al-Rabi‘ ‘Ashar al-Hijri. Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, London.
Al-Nazilli, M. H. (1993). Khazinah al-Asrar Jalilah al-Adhkar. Al-Haramayn, Indonesia.
Al-Sam‘ani, A. K. M. (1988). Kitab al-Ansab. Dar al-Jinan.
Al-Zirikli, K. (1986). Al-A‘lam: Qamus Tarajim li Ashhar al-Rijal wa al-Nisa’ al-Musta‘rabin wa al-Mustashriqin. Dar al-‘Ilm li al-Malayin, Beirut.
Ali al-Qari, N. A. (1986). Al-Asrar al-Marfu‘ah fi al-Akhbar al-Mawdu‘ah. Al-Maktab al-Islami, Beirut.
Azyumardi, A. (2002). Jaringan Global dan Lokal Islam Nusantara. Penerbit Mizan, Bandung.
Azyumardi, A. (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern ‘Ulama’ in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Allen and Unwin, Australia.
Bila, Z. A. (2006). Al-Jawahir al-Hisan fi Tarajim al-Fudala’ wa al-A‘yan min Asatidhah wa Khallan. Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, London.
Fadzil, A. (2009). Hidup Ibadat. Dagang Sdn. Bhd., Kedah.
Kaptein, N. J. G. (1997). The Muhimmat al-Nafa’is: A Bilingual Meccan Fatwa Collection for Indonesian Muslims from the End of the Nineteenth Century. INIS, Jakarta.
Kayadibi, S. (2011). Ottoman Connections to the Malay World. The Other Press, Petaling Jaya.
Laffan, M. F. (2003). Islamic Nationhood and Colonial Indonesia: The Umma Below the Winds. RoutledgeCurzon, London.
M. Mustaqim M. Z. (2014). Peranan Lubab al-Hadith dalam Karya Hadis di Alam Melayu. Penerbit USIM, Nilai.
Md. Sidin, A. I., & Mohammad Redzuan, O. (2000). The Malays in the Middle East. University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur.
Mohammad Redzuan, O. (2005). Islam dan Masyarakat Melayu: Peranan dan Pengaruh Timur Tengah. Penerbit Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Ozay, M. (2011a). The Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam as a Constructive Power. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(11)[Special Issue- August]: 274-283.
Ozay, M. (2011b). Baba Davud: A Turkish Scholar in Aceh. Dalam Saim Kayadibi. (Peny.). Ottoman Connections to the Malay World. The Other Press, Petaling Jaya.
Rahhal, U. (t.th.). Al-Jami‘ fi Tarajim ‘Ulama’ Shibh al-Qarah al-Hindiyyah. Mudawwanah Maktabah al-Asalah. Sumber: http://book-alasaala.blogspot.com.
Sarkis, Y. I. (1948). Mu‘jam al-Matbu‘at al-‘Arabiyyah. Maktabah Sarkis, Kaherah.
Snouck Hurgronje, C. (2007). Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century. Brill, Leiden.
Van Bruinessen, M. (1999). Kitab Kuning Pesantren dan Tarekat: Tradisi-tradisi Islam di Indonesia. Penerbit Mizan, Bandung.
Wan Mohd Shaghir, A. (1997). Data Kitab Risalah fi Bayan Hukm al-Bai‘ wa al-Riba Syeikh Abdul Qadir bin Abdul Rahim al-Fatani di Bukit Bayas Terengganu: Biografi dan Karya. Khazanah Fathaniyah, Kuala Lumpur.